[122] Most of the country's domestic freight and passenger service is by road rather than rail. [36] Montevideo rewarded Brazil's support by signing treaties that confirmed Brazil's right to intervene in Uruguay's internal affairs. WebUruguay is a representative democratic republic with a presidential system. WebIn 1815, Portugal and Britain launched an offensive against Uruguay, and two years later they lower combination high blood pressure medications captured Montevideo and merged Uruguay into Brazil s territory. English is common in the business world and its study has risen significantly in recent years, especially among the young. [74][75] Many of its provisions were suspended in 1973, but re-established in 1985. It has a South Atlantic Ocean coastline and lies between Argentina to the west and Brazil to the north. Lessa, F. and Druliolle, V. WebUruguay. Uruguayan food culture comes mostly from the European cuisine culture. The Administracin de Ferrocarriles del Estado is the autonomous agency in charge of rail transport and the maintenance of the railroad network. [151], In 2001, Uruguayan Sign Language (LSU) was recognized as an official language of Uruguay under Law 17.378. So far, the disputed areas remain de facto under Brazilian control, with little to no actual effort by Uruguay to assert its claims. Its beaches are divided into Mansa, or tame (river) side and Brava, or rugged (ocean) side. Venezuela had a deal to sell Uruguay up to 40,000 barrels of oil a day under preferential terms. It is part of the Southern Cone region of South America. Je to druh nejmen jihoamerick stt; men je jen Surinam (jet men je sice Francouzsk Guyana, ale ta nen suvernnm sttem, nbr zmoskm zemm Francie). Even though both temperature and precipitation are quite uniform nationwide, there are considerable differences across the territory. [39] After two years of struggle, a peace agreement was signed in 1872 that gave the Blancos a share in the emoluments and functions of government, through control of four of the departments of Uruguay. In 166971, the Portuguese built a fort at Colonia del Sacramento (Colnia do Sacramento). The Uruguayan parties received support from warring political factions in neighboring Argentina, which became involved in Uruguayan affairs. [25] Uruguayans of many classes and backgrounds enjoy reading historietas, comic books that often blend humour and fantasy with thinly veiled social criticism. [25] Other modern Uruguayan writers include Mario Levrero, Sylvia Lago, Jorge Majfud, and Jess Moraes. WebUruguayans ( Spanish: uruguayos) are people identified with the country of Uruguay, through citizenship or descent. If the minor child does not have a Permiso de Menor, the minor child will be prohibited from leaving Uruguay. Neither side gained the upper hand and in 1828 the Treaty of Montevideo, fostered by the United Kingdom through the diplomatic efforts of Viscount John Ponsonby, gave birth to Uruguay as an independent state. [130], In 2021, Uruguay had, in terms of installed renewable electricity, 1,538 MW in hydropower, 1,514 MW in wind power (35th largest in the world), 258 MW in solar power (66nd largest in the world), and 423 MW in biomass. [114], The Port of Montevideo, handling over 1.1million containers annually, is the most advanced container terminal in South America. Mate (drink) is the most typical beverage in Uruguay, being a portable beverage that Uruguayans take to all manner of places. Daily meals vary between meats, pasta of all types, rice, sweet desserts and others. [25] There are also important communities of Japanese. [25] Notable amongst Latin American playwrights is Florencio Snchez (18751910), who wrote plays about contemporary social problems that are still performed today. The major internal river is the Ro Negro ('Black River'). [53], In 2004, Uruguayans elected Tabar Vzquez as president, while giving the Broad Front a majority in both houses of Parliament. [153] The system is divided into six levels of education: early childhood (35 years); primary (611 years); basic secondary (1214 years); upper secondary (1517 years); higher education (18 and up); and post-graduate education. Jan 2022 - Present1 year 1 month. Please let us know how we can help. Download chapter PDF. Meat being the principal dish, due to Uruguay being one of the world's largest producers of quality meat. [53] Uruguay terminated the agreement in 2006 following the early repayment of its debt but maintained a number of the policy commitments. [44] In 1933, Terra organized a coup d'tat, dissolving the General Assembly and governing by decree. [99] The economy grew at an annual rate of 6.7% during the 20042008 period. (eds.) With a peak of 50,000 during the mid-1960s, Uruguay has the world's highest rate of aliyah as a percentage of the Jewish population. [100], Between the years 2007 and 2009, Uruguay was the only country in the Americas that did not technically experience a recession (two consecutive downward quarters). [25], Tango has also affected Uruguayan culture, especially during the 20th century, particularly the '30s and '40s with Uruguayan singers such as Julio Sosa from Las Piedras. [73], Argentina and Brazil are Uruguay's most important trading partners: Argentina accounted for 20% of total imports in 2009. In 2004, the Uruguayan musician and actor Jorge Drexler won an Academy Award for composing the song "Al otro lado del ro" from the movie The Motorcycle Diaries, which narrated the life of Che Guevara. [25] The guitar is the preferred musical instrument, and in a popular traditional contest called the payada two singers, each with a guitar, take turns improvising verses to the same tune.[25]. [55], In 2009, Jos Mujica, a former left-wing guerrilla leader (Tupamaros) who spent almost 15 years in prison during the country's military rule, emerged as the new president as the Broad Front won the election for a second time. [135] In 2009, for the first time in 44 years, the country saw an overall positive influx when comparing immigration to emigration. [100] Uruguay's exports markets have been diversified to reduce dependency on Argentina and Brazil. [135] The most popular destinations for Uruguayan emigrants are Argentina, followed by the United States, Australia, Canada, Spain, Italy and France. There are ten national parks in Uruguay: Five in the wetland areas of the east, three in the central hill country, and one in the west along the Rio Uruguay. [167] Uruguay has won the Copa Amrica (an international tournament for South American nations and guests) 15 times, such as Argentina, the last one in 2011. [153], Public education is the primary responsibility of three institutions: the Ministry of Education and Culture, which coordinates education policies, the National Public Education Administration, which formulates and implements policies on early to secondary education, and the University of the Republic, responsible for higher education. Drawing on Switzerland and its use of the initiative, the Uruguayan Constitution also allows citizens to repeal laws or to change the constitution by popular initiative, which culminates in a nationwide referendum. WebLead Material Analyst. Despite this agreement, Colorado rule was threatened by the failed Tricolor Revolution in 1875 and the Revolution of the Quebracho in 1886. Under pressure from organized labor and the National Party, Baldomir advocated free elections, freedom of the press, and a new constitution. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while bordering the Ro de la Plata to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. Uruguay is home to people of different ethnic origins. [68] The country experiences extratropical cyclones but no tropical cyclones, due to the fact that the South Atlantic Ocean is rarely warm enough for their development. Montevideo, the country's capital, houses the most diverse selection of cultural activities. [115] The port of Nueva Palmira is a major regional merchandise transfer point and houses both private and government-run terminals. The country is known for its colonial-era historic districts in Colonia and Montevideo, popular beaches on the Atlantic Coast, and beef productiona former meat processing plant in Fray Bentos is a world heritage site. The airport can handle up to 4.5million users per year. Covering an area of 176,000 sq.km, Uruguay is South America's 2nd smallest nation. [104], According to IMF estimates, Uruguay was likely to achieve growth in real GDP of between 8% and 8.5% in 2010, followed by 5% growth in 2011 and 4% in subsequent years. Montevideo is the southernmost capital city in the Americas, and the third most southerly in the world (only Canberra and Wellington are further south). [92], In March 2020, Uruguay rejoined the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (TIAR or "Rio Pact"). [76], For most of Uruguay's history, the Partido Colorado has been in government. Punta del Este is situated on a small peninsula off the southeast coast of Uruguay. 30.1% reported believing in a god, but not belonging to any religion, while 14% were atheist or agnostic. There were confrontations in which police and leftists died. On the map, surrounded by its large neighbors, Uruguay seems tiny, writes contemporary Uruguayan historian and novelist Eduardo Galeano. [116], Carrasco International Airport was initially inaugurated in 1947 and in 2009, Puerta del Sur, the airport owner and operator, with an investment of $165million, commissioned Rafael Violy Architects to expand and modernize the existing facilities with a spacious new passenger terminal to increase capacity and spur commercial growth and tourism in the region. [143], Political observers consider Uruguay the most secular country in the Americas. [32] As of February 2010, Uruguay had 1,136 military personnel deployed to Haiti in support of MINUSTAH and 1,360 deployed in support of MONUC in the Congo. [66] These storms can be strong; they can bring squalls, hail, and sometimes even tornadoes. [117] PLUNA was the flag carrier of Uruguay, and was headquartered in Carrasco. WebUruguay - Uruguay - Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news - Soccerway. [36], In accordance with the 1851 treaties, Brazil intervened militarily in Uruguay as often as it deemed necessary. [44], In 1938, general elections were held and Terra's brother-in-law, General Alfredo Baldomir, was elected president. The military government persecuted leftists, socialists, and political opponents, resulting in deaths and numerous instances of torture by the military; the military relinquished power to a civilian government in 1985. [90], On 15 March 2011, Uruguay became the seventh South American nation to officially recognize a Palestinian state,[91] although there was no specification for the Palestinian state's borders as part of the recognition. The first international match outside the British Isles was played between Uruguay and Argentina in Montevideo in July 1902. WebWife, Julie; four children. There are several interpretations, including "bird-river" ("the river of the ur", via Charruan, ur being a common noun of any wild fowl). [12] Uruguay is the third-best country on the continent in terms of Human Development Index, GDP growth,[15] innovation, and infrastructure. [136], Uruguay's rate of population growth is much lower than in other Latin American countries. Only in some spots of the Atlantic Coast and at the summit of the highest hills of the Cuchilla Grande the climate is oceanic (Cfb). He and his wife, Annette, have six children. [32] The indigenous peoples' fierce resistance to conquest, combined with the absence of gold and silver, limited European settlement in the region during the 16th and 17th centuries. The number of union members has quadrupled since 2003, rising from 110,000 to more than 400,000 in 2015 for a working population of 1.5 million.According to the International Trade Union Confederation, Uruguay has become the most advanced country in the Americas in terms of respect for "fundamental labour rights, in particular the freedom of association, the right to collective bargaining and the right to strike. Uruguay no longer imports electricity. Yet after two centuries living in the shadow of its neighbors, South Americas smallest country is finally getting a little well-deserved recognition. [36] The besieged Uruguayans called on resident foreigners for help, which led to a French and an Italian legion being formed, the latter led by the exiled Giuseppe Garibaldi. Officials of both countries emphasized the need to end this rivalry in the name of regional integration in 2010. [28], In 1831 Fructuoso Rivera, Uruguay's first president, organized the final strike of the Charrua genocide, eradicating the last remnants of the Uruguayan native population.[29]. WebShore excursions on the first and last day of a cruise are only available for guests who are combining back-to-back voyages to create a longer cruise. [156] When the famous tango singer Carlos Gardel was 29 years old he changed his nationality to be Uruguayan, saying he was born in Tacuaremb, but this subterfuge was probably done to keep French authorities from arresting him for failing to register in the French Army for World War I. Gardel was born in France and was raised in Buenos Aires. Its capital and largest city is Montevideo. The Colorados favored the exiled Argentine liberal Unitarios, many of whom had taken refuge in Montevideo while the Blanco president Manuel Oribe was a close friend of the Argentine ruler Manuel de Rosas. An armed group, known as the Tupamaros emerged in the 1960s, engaging in activities such as bank robbery, kidnapping and assassination, in addition to attempting an overthrow of the government. [32], A 2017 IADB report on labor conditions for Latin American nations, ranked Uruguay as the region's leader overall and in all but one subindexes, including gender, age, income, formality and labor participation. [25] But still the difference is not big enough to consider a dry or wet season, periods of drought or excessive rain can occur anytime during the year. [150] This method has been used several times over the past 15 years: to confirm a law renouncing prosecution of members of the military who violated human rights during the military regime (19731985); to stop privatization of public utilities companies; to defend pensioners' incomes; and to protect water resources. [41] A transition period (188690) followed, during which politicians began recovering lost ground and some civilian participation in government occurred. Uruguay hosted the official Basketball World Cup for the 1967 FIBA World Championship and the official Americas Basketball Championship in 1988, 1997 and is a host of the 2017 FIBA AmeriCup. A migration law passed in 2008 gives immigrants the same rights and opportunities that nationals have, with the requisite of proving a monthly income of $650. In 1994 and 1995, Uruguay faced economic difficulties caused by the liberalization of foreign trade, which increased the trade deficit. [132] In statements, the Uruguayan government indicated its firm commitment to the Middle East peace process, but refused to specify borders "to avoid interfering in an issue that would require a bilateral agreement". [121] However, in 1985 the "National Transport Plan" suggested passenger trains were too costly to repair and maintain. Uruguay experienced a major economic and financial crisis between 1999 and 2002, principally a spillover effect from the economic problems of Argentina. Besides football, the most popular sport in Uruguay is basketball. He was elected President of the Neurological Society of India (1956), 21 vice-president of the WFN (1969-1973), and president of the World Congress of Neurology in New Delhi, 1989. [77][78] However, in the 2004 Uruguayan general election, the Broad Front won an absolute majority in Parliamentary elections, and in 2009, Jos Mujica of the Broad Front defeated Luis Alberto Lacalle of the Blancos to win the presidency. [25] The psychological stories of Juan Carlos Onetti (such as "No Man's Land" and "The Shipyard") have earned widespread critical praise, as have the writings of Mario Benedetti. The siege of Montevideo was lifted and the Guerra Grande finally came to an end. [34] The nation's first constitution was adopted on 18 July 1830.[32]. Cultural experiences in Uruguay include exploring the country's colonial heritage, as found in Colonia del Sacramento. [33] The assembly refused to seat the delegates from the Banda Oriental, however, and Buenos Aires pursued a system based on unitary centralism. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to enter the region of present-day Uruguay in 1512. [19][20] The name could also refer to a river snail called urugu (Pomella megastoma) that was plentiful across its shores. Popular Uruguayan rock bands include La Vela Puerca, No Te Va Gustar, El Cuarteto de Nos, Once Tiros, La Trampa, Chalamadre, Snake, Buitres, and Cursi. [53], Following the 2001 Argentine credit default, prices in the Uruguayan economy made a variety of services, including information technology and architectural expertise, once too expensive in many foreign markets, exportable. general assessment: Uruguay has an advanced telecom market, with excellent infrastructure and one of the highest broadband penetration rates in Latin America; fixed-line teledensity is also particularly high for the region, while mobile penetration is the second highest after Panama; in terms of computer penetration, Uruguay tops all other countries in the region by a considerable margin, and this has facilitated growth in fixed-line broadband Brazil and Uruguay have signed cooperation agreements on defence, science, technology, energy, river transportation and fishing, with the hope of accelerating political and economic integration between these two neighbouring countries. [24] However, these border disputes have not prevented both countries from having friendly diplomatic relations and strong economic ties. Although Argentine holidaymakers are an important target market for tourism in Uruguay, in recent years the country has managed to position itself as an important tourist destination to other markets, receiving a high flow of visitors from countries such as Brazil, Paraguay and the United States, among others. In 1603, the Spanish began to introduce cattle, which became a source of wealth in the region. [35] Rivera declared war on Rosas in 1839. [73], Uruguay adopted its current constitution in 1967. Uruguay extendi la emergencia agropecuaria hasta fines de abril y agreg ms rubros productivos La medida incluye prstamos blandos, aplazamientos de impuestos y rebaja en tarifas de servicios The Triple Alliance declared war on the Paraguayan leader Francisco Solano Lpez[37] and the resulting Paraguayan War ended with the invasion of Paraguay and its defeat by the armies of the three countries. In November 2019 Luis Lacalle Pou won a five-year presidential term in a free and fair election. WebThe Oriental Republic of Uruguay is a constitutional republic with a democratically elected president and a bicameral legislature. Mit 176.215 Quadratkilometern Flche (davon rund 2.600 Quadratkilometer Wasserflche) ist es etwa halb so gro wie Deutschland. [115] Its quay can handle 14-metre draught (46ft) vessels. The siege of Montevideo, which began in February 1843, would last nine years. [64] The country had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 3.61/10, ranking it 147th globally out of 172 countries. [18] The country has legalized cannabis, same-sex marriage, prostitution and abortion. [91], In 2017, Uruguay signed the UN treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. [101] Unemployment reached a record low of 5.4% in December 2010 before rising to 6.1% in January 2011. Other typical desserts include the Pastafrola (a type of cake filled with quince jelly), Chaj (meringue, sponge cake, whipped cream and fruits, typically peaches and strawberries are added). ) is the most popular sport in Uruguay, being a portable beverage that take! By the failed Tricolor Revolution in 1875 and the National Party, Baldomir free... A portable beverage that Uruguayans take to all manner of places Brazil intervened militarily in Uruguay is a democratic. Not belonging to any religion, while 14 % were atheist or agnostic in 1973, but belonging... 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